Somatization disorder

Description of Somatization Disorder

This is a disorder belonging to the classification of somatoform disorders, in which symptoms of spiritual nature manifest as symptoms of physical illness. Somatization disorder is more common in women (0.2% – 2%), occurring rarely in men (<0.2%). The development of the disorder is influenced by genetic factors and the environment, as well as relationships with family members and upbringing.

It usually begins around the age of 25-30. In adolescence, individuals often seek medical attention for various complaints. Doctors may become somewhat frustrated as no diseases are found, yet the symptoms continue to worsen.

Symptoms

The main symptoms are multiple, recurring, and often changing somatoform symptoms that persist for several years until the individual seeks help from a psychiatrist. These symptoms significantly disrupt a person’s daily activities, work performance, and functioning. They are not feigned; the person truly feels the complaints, but the pathology is not organic (somatic) but psychological.

One of the most significant complaints is pain in various parts of the body (head, abdomen, joints, etc.), which can be painful during urination, menstruation, sexual intercourse. Digestive tract disorders are also common – nausea, bloating, less frequently vomiting, diarrhea. Muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, a lump sensation in the throat, impaired vision, hearing, dizziness, or even loss of consciousness are often reported.

Diagnosis

Difficult to diagnose, as almost all doctors are “passed through” until no pathology is found. When there is no significant clinical finding, individuals with this syndrome are referred to a psychiatrist, who diagnoses this disorder based on symptoms, medical history, and may also identify other mental disorders such as depression, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, etc.

Treatment

The main treatment is psychotherapy. If necessary, antidepressants, anxiolytics, pain relievers, and other medications may be added.

Source | Author Doctor Nikas Samuolis, reviewed by Prof. Virginijus Šapoka | Vilnius University | Faculty of Medicine | Head of the Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Oncology