Kaposi’s sarcoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma is associated with human herpesvirus-8 or Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus infection. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. It usually presents as tumors on the skin or mucosal surfaces such as inside the mouth, but tumors can also develop in other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, lungs, and digestive tract. The treatment is mainly supportive and cosmetic, aiming to halt the progression of the disease.

Types: There are several types of Kaposi’s sarcoma:

• Epidemic (AIDS-related) KS: Common in individuals with HIV/AIDS and is among the most common cancers in this population.
• Classic (Mediterranean) KS: Typically affects older men of Mediterranean, Eastern European, and Middle Eastern descent.
• Endemic (African) KS: Common in parts of Africa and affects younger people, including children and women.
• Iatrogenic (transplant-related) KS: Occurs in patients who have undergone organ transplantation and are on immunosuppressive therapy.

Diagnosis:

• Physical Examination: Includes inspecting the skin and other potential sites for lesions.
• Biopsy: Obtaining a small tissue sample for microscopic analysis to confirm KS.
• Imaging Tests: Such as X-rays, CT scans, or endoscopy, to detect internal KS lesions.
• Blood Tests: To assess overall health and check for HIV and other potential underlying conditions.

Source | Author Doctor Nikas Samuolis, reviewed by Prof. Virginijus Šapoka | Vilnius University | Faculty of Medicine | Head of the Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Oncology