Keloid scars: what they are and how to manage them
A keloid scar is a type of raised scar that occurs when the skin heals after an injury. Unlike typical scars, keloids grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound, forming smooth, hard growths. They can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and cheeks.
Causes and Risk Factors
Keloid scars develop when the body produces excess collagen during the healing process. This overproduction can be triggered by skin injuries such as cuts, burns, surgical incisions, acne, or even piercings. Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing keloids, including genetic predisposition, darker skin tones, and a history of keloids in the family.
Symptoms
Keloid scars are characterized by a raised, firm, and often shiny appearance. They can vary in color from pink to red to dark brown. These scars can be itchy, tender, or even painful, and they may continue to grow over time.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A healthcare provider can usually diagnose a keloid scar based on its appearance. However, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other skin conditions.
Treating keloid scars can be challenging. Options include:
- Corticosteroid Injections: These can help flatten the keloid and reduce itching.
- Surgery: Removing the keloid surgically, though there is a risk of the keloid reoccurring.
- Laser Therapy: This can reduce scar redness and flatten the keloid.
- Silicone Sheets or Gels: Applying these can help flatten the keloid over time.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen can reduce its size.
- Pressure Treatment: Using pressure dressings can help prevent keloids from forming after an injury.
Prevention
Preventing keloid formation involves minimizing skin trauma. For those prone to developing keloids, it’s advisable to avoid unnecessary skin piercings, tattoos, or elective surgeries. If injuries do occur, prompt and proper wound care is essential.
Conclusion
Keloid scars are a unique response to skin injury that can cause physical and emotional discomfort. While challenging to treat, various options are available to manage their appearance and symptoms. Consulting a dermatologist can provide the best approach tailored to individual needs.
