Acute heart failure
ACUTE HEART FAILURE
Acute heart failure is a condition characterized by the sudden onset of signs and symptoms due to a new or pre-existing heart injury and impaired heart function.
Classification and Causes
During heart failure, the heart muscle is damaged or stretched and cannot pump enough blood to the tissues. Fluid accumulates in the lungs, making breathing difficult. One possible cause of acute heart failure is a myocardial infarction. Acute heart failure manifests very quickly, usually at night.
How to Recognize?
•Severe, rapid breathing.
•Shortness of breath.
•Wheezing.
•Cough.
•Forced sitting position (due to shortness of breath unable to lie down).
•Often symptoms and signs are similar to a myocardial infarction.
First Aid
Goal
•To ease breathing and pain by encouraging the casualty to rest.
•Call for medical help.
•Assist the casualty in taking medication.
Actions
1. Help the casualty sit up. Ask if they are comfortable and reassure them. These actions will help them breathe easier.
2. If the casualty has angina medication, such as tablets or a spray, allow them to take it themselves. Assist if needed.
3. Encourage the casualty to rest and protect them from bystanders.
4. Call emergency medical services at 112.
Risks and Notes
•Continuously monitor and record vital signs: consciousness, pulse, and respiration.
•If the casualty loses consciousness, open the airway and check for breathing. Be prepared to perform chest compressions and rescue breaths if necessary.