Burns of the respiratory tract

The airways can burn when a person is exposed to high heat, such as during a fire. Inhalation of hot air, steam, or smoke can cause these burns.

Clinical Consequences:

• Obstruction of the Upper Respiratory Tract: Swelling and inflammation can lead to partial or complete blockage of the airways.
• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Inhalation of smoke can introduce carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin more effectively than oxygen, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
• Acute Respiratory Insufficiency: Damage and inflammation in the airways can compromise the ability to breathe, leading to insufficient oxygenation of the blood.

Treatment:

• Supportive Care: Treatment often involves supportive measures, which can include:
  • Oxygen Therapy: To ensure adequate oxygen levels in the blood.
  • Intubation or Tracheostomy: In severe cases, these procedures may be necessary to secure the airway and facilitate breathing.
  • Medication: Such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and pain management to reduce inflammation and support breathing.
  • Fluid Management: To maintain hydration and support overall health.
  • Monitoring: Close monitoring for potential complications such as infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the need for mechanical ventilation.

Complications:

• Respiratory Infections: Damaged airways are more susceptible to infections.
• Long-term Respiratory Issues: Including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or reactive airway disease.
• Scarring and Strictures: Which can lead to prolonged or recurrent respiratory issues.

Source | Author Doctor Nikas Samuolis, reviewed by Prof. Virginijus Šapoka | Vilnius University | Faculty of Medicine | Head of the Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Oncology