Maintaining Vaginal Health: Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by bacteria such as Haemophilus, Gartnerella, and Corynebacterium. It accounts for 40-50% of all vaginal inflammations and does not spread through sexual contact, affecting even those who have never had sexual intercourse.
In a healthy vagina, lactobacilli dominate the microbiota. In women with BV, these beneficial bacteria are replaced by harmful ones, making the vaginal environment more alkaline. This shift is often caused by factors such as antibiotics, immune-suppressing drugs, contraceptive use, vaginal douching with antiseptic solutions, tampons, pads, synthetic underwear, and sexual activity.
Symptoms
The main symptom of BV is discharge from the vagina, which may be white or grayish-white and often has a fishy odor that intensifies during menstruation and after intercourse. Other symptoms can include vaginal itching and pain during urination, though some women might not experience any symptoms. Detection often occurs during routine check-ups.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves taking a vaginal swab and examining it for pH level, specific bacteria, and cells indicative of BV. A KOH solution test may also be performed; a positive result is confirmed by a fishy odor when the solution is applied to the sample.
Treatment
Treatment options include Fasigyn tablets, Macmiror suppositories, and Dalacin cream, along with antibiotics such as Clindamycin and Metronidazole. It is also recommended to wear cotton underwear, avoid tampons and pads, and shower after intercourse.
Who Is Most Commonly Affected?
BV is most commonly diagnosed in women of reproductive age. It is particularly prevalent among women who engage in certain activities or have conditions that alter the vaginal environment.
Prevention and Natural Remedies
Maintaining a healthy vaginal environment is key to preventing BV. Wearing cotton underwear, avoiding douching, and practicing good hygiene can help. Some studies suggest that probiotics, particularly those containing Lactobacillus species, can help restore the natural vaginal flora. Additionally, garlic and tea tree oil have been mentioned as potential natural treatments due to their antibacterial properties, though more research is needed.
Seasonality
BV does not exhibit seasonality and can occur at any time of the year. However, lifestyle changes and activities associated with different seasons, such as increased use of hot tubs or swimming pools in summer, may influence its occurrence.
By maintaining good hygiene practices and being aware of the factors that can disrupt the vaginal environment, individuals can reduce their risk of developing bacterial vaginosis. If symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical advice for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
